First Page     INTRO      Lenticels     Swollen Bases     Knees

For more in depth reading/research the following references were the sources I used.

Bibliography:

Hook, D. D., C. L. Brown and P. P. Kormanik. 1970. Lenticel and water root development of swamp tupelo under various flooding conditions. Botanical Gazette 131:217-224.

Hook, D. D. and Scholtens. 1978. Adaptations and flood tolerance of tree species. in "Plant life in anaerobic environments". (D. D. Hook and R. M. M. Crawford, eds.), pp 299-331. Ann Arbor Science Publishers. Ann Arbor.

Ish - Shalom - Gordon, N. and Z. Dubinsky. 1992. Ultrastructure of the pneumatophores of the mangrove Avicennia marina. South African Botanical 5:358-362.

Kozlowski, T. T. and S. G. Pallardy. 1997. Effects of flooding. In "Growth control in woody plants". (T. T. Kozlowski ed.). pp 225 - 236. Academic Press Inc. San Diego.

Megonigal, J. P. and E. P. Day. 1992. Effects of flooding on root and shoot production of bald cypress in large experimental enclosures. Ecology 73:1182-1193.